0 of 1000 finds are plotted — 1000 locations are kept private to protect the sites.
City of London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
The City of London stands on ground where three of the most consequential violent episodes in British history unfolded, and it is the earliest of them that shaped everything which followed. Around AD 60, Boudica, queen of the Iceni, led a Celtic British uprising against Roman rule and burned Londinium to the ground, an act of destruction so complete that archaeologists still encounter a distinctive red burning layer beneath the modern streets. That catastrophe paradoxically confirmed Londinium's importance: the Romans rebuilt it as the administrative and commercial capital of the province, driving great roads outward in every direction, raising an amphitheatre beneath what is now Guildhall Yard, and encircling the city with a wall whose Roman courses survive alongside their medieval additions at Noble Street, St Alphage Garden, and Aldermanbury. Before all of this, the Catuvellauni had dominated the territory, and Bronze Age communities had already made the Thames at this crossing point a sacred place, casting metalwork offerings into its waters in rituals whose meaning we can only guess. Cnut's Danish forces besieged the city in 1016, and the Gordon rioters threatened the Bank of England in 1780, each episode a reminder that London's centrality to English power has made it, in every age, both a prize and a target.
Archival Sources & Repositories Consulted for City of London
This report cross-references every historical record against national heritage registers, government agencies and university archives.
Monuments92 sources
- Historic England, National Heritage List for Englandscheduled monuments in the study area91 monument recordsNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman amphitheatremonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman fort wall and east gate under Aldermanburymonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parkmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRemains of St Pancras Churchmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandGoldsmiths' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandArmourers' and Brasiers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman and medieval wall at St Alphage Gardenmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman and medieval wall and bastion at Noble Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: site of the Roman and medieval gateway of Cripple Gatemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: the west gate of Cripplegate fort and a section of Roman wall in London Wall underground car parkmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman wall and conduit and medieval posternmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman wall and Romanmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman and medieval wall and bastionsmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman wall and medieval bastion in Postman's Park and King Edward Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandTallow Chandlers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandPainter Stainers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandHuggin Hill Roman bath housemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandMerchant Taylors' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandSkinners' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe London Greyfriarsmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandDyers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandInnholders' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section bounding All Hallows Churchyardmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandVintners' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman governor's palace (site of)monument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandSmiths' Wharfmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman wall in basement of 90 Gracechurch Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandQueenhithe dockmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman and medieval wall from W end of All Hallows Church to 38 Camomile Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: site of Newgate and 121-124 Newgate Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman wall at the Central Criminal Courtmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandStationers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section in Amen Courtmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Roman riverside wall and wharves at Riverbank Housemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRemains of Roman and medieval wall and gateway W of boundary of Stationers' Hall to Ludgate Hillmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandBaynard's Castlemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandMonumentmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandFishmongers' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandApothecaries' Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman wall and bastionmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandWatermen's Hallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman wall and bastionmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman hypocaust and building on site of Coal Exchangemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandStructures of archaeological interest below Billingsgate Marketmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Rose Theatremonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Hope Playhousemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRemains of Winchester Palacemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Globe Theatremonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman wallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandPriory and Hospital of St Mary Spitalmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Roman riverside wall and wharves at Sugar Quaymonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of Roman wall and bastion (4a) at Crutched Friarsmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Curtain Playhousemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRomano-British bath house and medieval remains at 11-15 Borough High Streetmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Roman riverside wall and wharves at Three Quaysmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswallmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandTower Hill Westmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: remains of medieval and Roman wall extending 75yds (68m) N from Trinity Place to railwaymonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandBarnard's Inn Hall (Mercers' School)monument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandLondon Wall: section from underground railway to Tower Hill GUARDIANSHIPmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandBenedictine nunnery of St Marymonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandInner Temple Hall Butterymonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Theatre Playhousemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandTower of Londonmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman riverboatmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandAbbey buildingsmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoman Bath Housemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandMedieval moated manor housemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Jewel Towermonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThe Chapter House and Pyx Chamber in the abbey cloistersmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandPumping engine house for Brunel's Thames tunnelmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandBonner Hall Bridgemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandA subterranean commercial ice-well (City of Westminster)monument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandThree Colt Bridgemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandParnell Road Bridgemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandTudor naval storehouse at Convoys Wharfmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandSite of the launch ways of the SS Great Easternmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandKensington Palacemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandGreenwich Hospital (RN College)monument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandStratford Langthorne Abbey (part of area within precincts)monument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandGreenwich Palacemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandSubmarine Telephone Cable Hauler and Gantry at Enderby's Wharfmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandQueen's Housemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandBell Barrow called Boadicea's Gravemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRoyal Observatory Greenwichmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandAnglo-Saxon cemetery in Greenwich Parkmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandWest Grovemonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandRomano-Celtic temple in Greenwich Parkmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandPottery kiln in Walmer Roadmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandSecond World War anti-aircraft gun emplacementsmonument recordNational heritage body
- Historic England, National Heritage List for EnglandFulham Palace moated sitemonument recordNational heritage body
Battlefields1 source
- British battle records (Historic England, Wikipedia & published sources)every recorded British battle2,548 battles searched, 70 within 40km of this location
Roman Britain2 sources
- Margary's Roman roads of Britainroads within 40km18 route(s)Published concordance
- Pleiades gazetteer of ancient placesRoman sites within 40km36 site recordsUniversity archive
Civil War2 sources
- WikidataEnglish Civil War engagements4 engagement recordsOpen knowledge base
- Portable Antiquities SchemeCivil War-era finds nearby6 find recordsNational heritage body
Geology2 sources
- British Geological Surveybedrock & superficial geologybedrock + superficial unitsNational research body
- British Geological Surveygeology map layerNational research body
LIDAR1 source
- Environment Agency national LIDAR programmeNational LIDAR terrain (DTM/DSM)terrain model analysedGovernment agency
Local Names1 source
- Ordnance Surveyplace & field namesnames cross-referencedNational mapping agency
Historical Maps1 source
- Ordnance Surveyhistoric OS mappingNational mapping agency
Literature53 sources
- Internet ArchiveSaxon & Domesday recordssearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- British History OnlineSaxon & Domesday recordssearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- British History OnlineMedieval church recordssearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Internet ArchiveMedieval church recordssearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- Medieval church recordsMedieval church recordsdocument found: Religion – Medieval Londoners (Fordham University)
- British History OnlineMedieval manorial recordssearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Medieval manorial recordsMedieval manorial recordsdocument found: Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem Relating to the City of London: Part I
- Internet ArchiveVictorian county historiesdocument found: Survey of London (Vol. 22)Digital library
- Google BooksVictorian county historiessearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- British History OnlineVictoria County Historysearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORVictoria County Historysearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Archaeology Data ServiceGeorgian & early modern recordssearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Internet ArchiveGeorgian & early modern recordssearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- Heritage GatewayRoman & prehistoric evidencesearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceRoman & prehistoric evidencesearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Roman & prehistoric evidenceRoman & prehistoric evidencedocument found: Roman amphitheatre
- Archaeology Data ServiceArchaeological grey literaturedocument found: 10 Gresham StreetUniversity archive
- GENUKIGENUKI parish historysearched, no records for this locationGenealogical reference
- Internet ArchiveInternet Archive digitised bookssearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- Heritage GatewayMonument: Roman amphitheatresearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceMonument: Roman amphitheatresearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORMonument: Roman amphitheatresearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Heritage GatewayMonument: London Wall: remains of Roman fort wall and east gate under Aldermanburysearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceMonument: London Wall: remains of Roman fort wall and east gate under Aldermanburysearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORMonument: London Wall: remains of Roman fort wall and east gate under Aldermanburysearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Heritage GatewayMonument: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceMonument: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORMonument: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Monument: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parkMonument: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parkdocument found: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car park
- WikipediaBattle: Cnut's Siege of London (1016)searched, no records for this locationOpen knowledge base
- The Battlefields TrustBattle: Cnut's Siege of London (1016)searched, no records for this locationLearned society
- British History OnlineBattle: Cnut's Siege of London (1016)searched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Historic EnglandBattle: Cnut's Siege of London (1016)searched, no records for this locationNational heritage body
- Internet ArchiveBattle: Cnut's Siege of London (1016)searched, no records for this locationDigital library
- WikipediaBattle: Gordon Riots attack on Bank of England 1780searched, no records for this locationOpen knowledge base
- The Battlefields TrustBattle: Gordon Riots attack on Bank of England 1780searched, no records for this locationLearned society
- British History OnlineBattle: Gordon Riots attack on Bank of England 1780searched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Historic EnglandBattle: Gordon Riots attack on Bank of England 1780searched, no records for this locationNational heritage body
- Internet ArchiveBattle: Gordon Riots attack on Bank of England 1780searched, no records for this locationDigital library
- WikipediaBattle: Battle of Londiniumsearched, no records for this locationOpen knowledge base
- The Battlefields TrustBattle: Battle of Londiniumsearched, no records for this locationLearned society
- British History OnlineBattle: Battle of Londiniumsearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- Historic EnglandBattle: Battle of Londiniumsearched, no records for this locationNational heritage body
- Internet ArchiveBattle: Battle of Londiniumsearched, no records for this locationDigital library
- Archaeology Data ServiceRoman site: Roman amphitheater at Guildhallsearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORRoman site: Roman amphitheater at Guildhallsearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Heritage GatewayRoman site: Roman amphitheater at Guildhallsearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceRoman site: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORRoman site: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Heritage GatewayRoman site: London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car parksearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
- Archaeology Data ServiceRoman site: Londinium/Augustasearched, no records for this locationUniversity archive
- JSTORRoman site: Londinium/Augustasearched, no records for this locationAcademic journals
- Heritage GatewayRoman site: Londinium/Augustasearched, no records for this locationHistoric environment records
Legal2 sources
- Natural Englandprotected land in the areasearched, none for this locationGovernment agency
- Historic England, National Heritage List for Englandscheduled-monument constraints91 constraint(s)National heritage body