Texas

Caldwell

45,883
2020 population
1850
first census record
18
census records

About Caldwell

Caldwell, Texas, first appears in the United States federal census in 1850, when it recorded a population of 1,329. At the most recent census, in 2020, its population stood at 45,883.

The county's recorded population has risen across the decades to its highest level in 2020.

On the ground today, 2 documented military engagements have been recorded within the county, among them Runaway Scrape — Texas Civilian Flight 1836, Battle of Plum Creek (1840), and 7 places are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Population by decade

Census YearPopulationChart
202045,883
201038,066
200032,194
199026,392
198023,637
197021,178
196017,222
195019,350
194024,893
193031,397
192025,160
191024,237
190021,765
189015,769
188011,757
18706,572
18604,481
18501,329
Source

Population data from the United States decennial census, U.S. Census Bureau (public domain).

Battles & engagements in Caldwell

Military engagements that took place in Caldwell, Texas.

Runaway Scrape — Texas Civilian Flight 1836
1836
Battle of Plum Creek (1840)
1840

Historic places in Caldwell

National Register of Historic Places listings in Caldwell, Texas.

Caldwell County Courthouse Historic District
Lockhart
Browse all Texashistoric sites ›

Other counties in Texas

Explore census history and historic records for more Texas counties.

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Everything a full report reveals about Caldwell County, Texas

This page charts the census history of Caldwell County, Texas. A full Aubrey report for an address here pulls together everything the historical record holds about the ground, from the earliest settlement to the twentieth century:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with historic sites, battles and Native heritage plotted, and its full story era by era.
The Land
The historic sites and place names around the location, and how this land was settled and used.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back millions of years.
LiDAR Terrain
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks and old features hidden in the landscape.
Conflict & War
The battles, raids and skirmishes fought near here, across every era of American conflict.
The Civil War
The Civil War on this ground, 1861 to 1865: who held it, and the battles, camps and regiments nearby.
The Soldiers
The men who marched from here in the Civil War, named and traced where the record allows.
Native Heritage
The Native nations who held this land, mapped across time from before European contact to today.
Settlement
Who claimed and held this ground, from Indigenous homelands through the colonial powers to the United States.
The Community
How the town grew, who came, and what kind of place it became, traced through the census record.
Rivers & Rail
The rivers, canals and railroads that connected this place between 1830 and 1911.
Notable People
The people born, buried or genuinely tied to this exact place, with their stories.
Historical Maps
Historic maps of the location layered over how it looks today.
Finds & Access
Museum objects tied to the area, and the laws on searching, collecting and access here.
Literature
The old books, county histories and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Points of Interest
The most significant historic sites and landmarks near the location, and why they matter.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from first peoples to the present day.
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Frequently asked about Caldwell

When does Caldwell first appear in the US census?
Caldwell, Texas first appears in the federal census in 1850, with a recorded population of 1,329.
What is the population of Caldwell?
At the most recent federal census (2020), Caldwell had a recorded population of 45,883.
Were any battles fought in Caldwell?
2 documented military engagements took place in Caldwell, including Runaway Scrape — Texas Civilian Flight 1836, Battle of Plum Creek (1840).
How many historic places are in Caldwell?
7 sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Caldwell, Texas.
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