US Territory

Alabama

The interior and northern portions of Alabama followed an earlier path of American territorial organization than the coastal strip. The first Europeans to make contact with Alabama were the Spanish. The region was incorporated into the Mississippi Territory from its creation on April 7, 1798, under President John Adams. After 19 years, the Mississippi Territory was dissolved on December 10, 1817, and its eastern half was redesignated as the Alabama Territory on August 15, 1817, with the Chattahoochee River playing a significant role in defining its borders. Alabama was admitted to the Union as the twenty-second state on December 14, 1819. After Indian Removal forcibly displaced most Southeast tribes west of the Mississippi River, European Americans arrived in large numbers. The region was politically divided during the Civil War, with most Unionist opposition concentrated in northern Alabama, and the state voted to secede 61–39%.

Admission date
December 14, 1819
Historic sites
1,387
Military engagements
442

Pre-contact era

Inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The Woodland period spanned from around 1000 BC to 1000 AD, marked by the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex, followed by the Mississippian culture of Native Americans lasting to around 1600 AD.

Colonial history

Fort Louis de la Mobile established 1702; French controlled interior Alabama.

Britain acquired French territory east of Mississippi by Treaty of Paris 1763.

Spain captured Mobile from Britain 1780; US seized Mobile District 1813.

US annexed Mobile District 1813; Alabama Territory 1817; statehood 1819.

Territorial period

The Territory of Mississippi was created under an organic act signed into law by President John Adams on April 7, 1798. The Territory was dissolved on December 10, 1817, when the western half was admitted as the State of Mississippi. The eastern half was redesignated as the Alabama Territory on August 15, 1817, sandwiched between the new state of Mississippi in the west, Georgia to the east, and Tennessee on the north. The Alabama Territory lasted until December 14, 1819. The Chattahoochee River played a significant role in the definition of the Territory's borders during its brief two years of existence, 1817–1819.

Statehood

Congress admitted Alabama as a state on December 14, 1819. The Territory of Alabama was admitted to the Union as the twenty-second state.

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Overview
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The Land
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Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back millions of years.
LiDAR Terrain
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks and old features hidden in the landscape.
Conflict & War
The battles, raids and skirmishes fought near here, across every era of American conflict.
The Civil War
The Civil War on this ground, 1861 to 1865: who held it, and the battles, camps and regiments nearby.
The Soldiers
The men who marched from here in the Civil War, named and traced where the record allows.
Native Heritage
The Native nations who held this land, mapped across time from before European contact to today.
Settlement
Who claimed and held this ground, from Indigenous homelands through the colonial powers to the United States.
The Community
How the town grew, who came, and what kind of place it became, traced through the census record.
Rivers & Rail
The rivers, canals and railroads that connected this place between 1830 and 1911.
Notable People
The people born, buried or genuinely tied to this exact place, with their stories.
Historical Maps
Historic maps of the location layered over how it looks today.
Finds & Access
Museum objects tied to the area, and the laws on searching, collecting and access here.
Literature
The old books, county histories and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Spotlight
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Regional histories

Inland Alabama
Coastal Strip Mobile Bay Gulf Coast

Explore Alabama records

1,387
National Register historic sites
National Register listings ›
442
Military engagements
Military history records ›
2
Civil War regiments
Union, Confederate, USCT ›
4
Indigenous groups
Heritage records ›
19
Notable figures
Born in Alabama
26
Colonial-era events
1492 to early statehood ›
1
Archaeological sites
Prehistoric sites ›
Alabama counties
Census population history ›
Sources

State history content adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Historic sites data: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

About Alabama

When did Alabama become a state?
Alabama is a US territory, not a state.
What European powers colonized Alabama?
The territory that became Alabama passed through several colonial periods. Fort Louis de la Mobile established 1702; French controlled interior Alabama. Britain acquired French territory east of Mississippi by Treaty of Paris 1763. Spain captured Mobile from Britain 1780; US seized Mobile District 1813. US annexed Mobile District 1813; Alabama Territory 1817; statehood 1819.
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