Scheduled MonumentsWalesCross-Incised Stone in Churchyard
Early Medieval · Cross-marked stone

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard

Carmarthenshire, Wales
Cadw SAM CM165
Period
Early Medieval
Site type
Cross-marked stone
Broad class
Religious, Ritual and Funerary
Nation
Wales
The designation
Reference
Cadw SAM CM165
Authority
Cadw
Designated
1952-10-08
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Cadw

Overview

History & significance

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard is a early medieval stone bearing incised cross markings, preserved within a Welsh churchyard and protected by Cadw as a scheduled monument. The stone represents an important class of early Christian memorial or marker stone, characteristic of Wales during the post-Roman period when Christianity was becoming established across the region. Such cross-marked stones often marked burial sites or served as focal points for Christian worship before the construction of formal churches.

The monument sits upon Llandovery Rocks, a geological formation of mudstone, siltstone and sandstone laid down during the Llandovery period of the Ordovician. This bedrock underlies much of the Welsh landscape and would have been well known to the medieval communities who quarried stone for both practical use and religious commemoration. The stone itself represents a continuity of local stone-working practice adapted to Christian purpose.

The cross incisions carved into the stone's surface were executed with simple hand tools available to early medieval craftsmen. Such basic geometric marking—the incised cross being the most fundamental Christian symbol—required neither elaborate skill nor significant expenditure of time or resources, making it an accessible form of religious expression for communities during this formative period of Welsh Christian identity. The stone's survival in the churchyard testifies to its integration into the sacred space of successive Christian generations.

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard is a scheduled monument protected by Cadw under reference CM165. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard?

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard is a early medieval stone bearing incised cross markings, preserved within a Welsh churchyard and protected by Cadw as a scheduled monument. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Cadw under reference CM165.

What period does Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard date from?

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard dates from the early medieval period, and is classified as a cross-marked stone. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard?

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Cadw — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Wales. The official designation reference is CM165.

What other scheduled monuments are near Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Defended Enclosure 350m S of Clungwyn (5.6 km), Merlins Hill Hillfort (8.3 km), Roman Amphitheatre (8.4 km).

Unlimited access

Everything a full report reveals about Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 13 strands of Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard

Cross-Incised Stone in Churchyard stands on Llandovery Rocks (Undifferentiated), bedrock that formed in the Llandovery. The rock here is mudstone, siltstone and sandstone.