US Research›Conflicts›Colonial and Pre-Columbian›Arizona›Point of Pines Massacre
Colonial and Pre-Columbian

Point of Pines Massacre

1265
Arizona
Era
Colonial and Pre-Columbian
Year
1265
Location
Arizona
Status
Historical record
The Battle

History & Significance

Point of Pines Massacre was a Colonial and Pre-Columbian engagement fought in Arizona, 1265.

An archaeological site in eastern Arizona dating to approximately 1320 CE, providing some of the clearest evidence of ethnic violence in the pre-Columbian Southwest. A foreign residential group - identifiable by their distinct pottery and architectural style - had been living within the large pueblo. Excavations revealed that this foreign enclave was violently expelled: the intrusive group's rooms were burned, and several individuals were left unburied. The evidence suggests the established community violently evicted the colonists after allowing them to live within the pueblo for a generation. Population of the overall site was approximately 500 people in 800 rooms.

Forces engaged
Intrusive northern colonists (~50-100 individuals) vs. established Mogollon-related community (~500 residents)
Casualties
{"unburied_remains":5, "colonist_group_size":75, "host_community_size":500}
Outcome
Violent expulsion of an intrusive northern colonist group from a large Mogollon-related pueblo. The site continued to be occupied by the established community for several more decades before regional abandonment.

Approximate location. The nearest recorded settlement is shown; the exact site is unrecorded.

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Point of Pines Massacre take place?
Point of Pines Massacre took place in 1265.
Where was Point of Pines Massacre fought?
Point of Pines Massacre was fought in Arizona, United States.
What was the significance of Point of Pines Massacre?
An archaeological site in eastern Arizona dating to approximately 1320 CE, providing some of the clearest evidence of ethnic violence in the pre-Columbian Southwest. A foreign residential group - identifiable by their distinct pottery and architectural style - had been living within the large pueblo
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Everything a full report reveals about Point of Pines Massacre

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Overview
An interactive map of the location with historic sites, battles and Native heritage plotted, and its full story era by era.
The Land
The historic sites and place names around the location, and how this land was settled and used.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back millions of years.
LiDAR Terrain
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks and old features hidden in the landscape.
Conflict & War
The battles, raids and skirmishes fought near here, across every era of American conflict.
The Civil War
The Civil War on this ground, 1861 to 1865: who held it, and the battles, camps and regiments nearby.
The Soldiers
The men who marched from here in the Civil War, named and traced where the record allows.
Native Heritage
The Native nations who held this land, mapped across time from before European contact to today.
Settlement
Who claimed and held this ground, from Indigenous homelands through the colonial powers to the United States.
The Community
How the town grew, who came, and what kind of place it became, traced through the census record.
Rivers & Rail
The rivers, canals and railroads that connected this place between 1830 and 1911.
Notable People
The people born, buried or genuinely tied to this exact place, with their stories.
Historical Maps
Historic maps of the location layered over how it looks today.
Finds & Access
Museum objects tied to the area, and the laws on searching, collecting and access here.
Literature
The old books, county histories and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Points of Interest
The most significant historic sites and landmarks near the location, and why they matter.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from first peoples to the present day.
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Source

This page is compiled from cited public sources.

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