Long Beach Island Massacre

After formal hostilities paused, John Bacon and his men murdered 19 sleeping men, including Patriot militia Captain Andrew Steelman, in what became known as the Long Beach Island Massacre.

People involved

• John Bacon
• Andrew Steelman

When this happened

Long Beach Island Massacre occurred in October 25, 1782, during the revolutionary era period of American history.

Where this happened

Long Beach Island Massacre took place in New Jersey. Explore the full history of New Jersey and primary source records from this era.

The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) grew from colonial resistance to British taxation without parliamentary representation — a dispute that radicalized through the Stamp Act (1765), the Townshend Acts (1767), and the Boston Massacre (1770). Fighting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775; the Continental Congress declared independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Army under George Washington faced severe shortages of supplies and troops, enduring the brutal winter at Valley Forge (1777–1778) before French alliance and French financing turned the military balance. Major engagements included Bunker Hill (1775), Trenton (1776), Saratoga (1777) — which secured French intervention — and Yorktown (1781), where British General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. An estimated 25,000 American soldiers died in service, from combat, disease, and captivity. The Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized American independence and ceded British territory east of the Mississippi, though it left unresolved questions about Indigenous land rights and the status of Loyalists.

Content adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Source: Wikipedia: Final skirmishes.