National Historic Landmark

San Xavier del Bac

Tucson, Pima County, Arizona
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
Building
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
66000191

About this property

Mission San Xavier del Bac (Spanish: La Misión de San Xavier del Bac) is a historic Spanish Catholic mission about 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown Tucson, Arizona, on the Tohono O'odham Nation San Xavier Indian Reservation. The mission was founded in 1692 by Eusebio Kino in the center of a centuries-old settlement of the Sobaipuri O'odham, a branch of the Akimel or River O'odham located along the banks of the Santa Cruz River. The mission was named for Francis Xavier, co-founder of the Jesuit Order in Europe. The original church was built to the north of the later Franciscan church and was demolished during an Apache raid in 1770. The mission was rebuilt between 1783 and 1797, which makes it the oldest European structure in Arizona. Labor was provided by the O'odham. An outstanding example of Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States, the Mission San Xavier del Bac hosts some 200,000 visitors each year. It is a well-known pilgrimage site, with thousands visiting each year on foot and on horseback, some among ceremonial cavalcades or cabalgatas. The site is also known as "Wa:k" in the O'odham language (O'odham: Wa:k ("Water Place") referring to its surface water and springs, which no longer flow. The water in the Santa Cruz River came up to the surface a few miles south of Martinez Hill and then submerged again near Los Reales Wash. The Santa Cruz River used to run year-round in this section and was once critical to the community's survival, but now runs only part of the year.

Location

Tucson, Pima County, Arizona
32.10739, -111.00732

Categories

EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENTARCHITECTURERELIGION
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Native Heritage
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Nearby Historic Sites

Tucson Veterans Administration Hospital Historic District
Listed
5.7 mi
Santa Cruz Catholic Church
Pre Contact
7.2 mi
Barrio Santa Rosa
Listed
7.4 mi
Warner, Solomon, House and Mill
Industrial
7.5 mi
Barrio Libre (Additional Documentation)
Industrial
7.6 mi

Nearby Battles

Apache Raid – San Xavier del Bac 1752
1752Colonial
0.4 mi
Titan II Missile Complex — Davis-Monthan AFB (308th SMW)
1963Modern
9.5 mi

Questions about this property

When was San Xavier del Bac listed on the National Register?

San Xavier del Bac was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is San Xavier del Bac?

San Xavier del Bac is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is San Xavier del Bac a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. San Xavier del Bac has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for San Xavier del Bac?

The period of significance for San Xavier del Bac is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near San Xavier del Bac?

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