National Register of Historic Places

Keys Desert Queen Ranch

Twentynine Palms, San Bernardino County, California
Listed
October 30, 1975
Type
District
Period
Listed
Ref No.
75000174

About this property

The Keys Ranch is the prime example of early settlement in the Joshua Tree National Park area. Bill Keys was the area's leading character, and his ranch is a symbol of the resourcefulness of early settlers. The ranch is an extensive complex of small frame buildings built between 1910 and Keys' death in 1969. Keys pursued both ranching and mining to make a living in the desert. William Franklin Keys was born at Palisade, Nebraska, in 1879. After working as a ranch hand and smelter worker, he was a deputy sheriff in Mohave County, Arizona. During a time in Death Valley, he befriended Death Valley Scotty, becoming involved in a swindle that resulted in the so-called "Battle of Wingate Pass". He arrived in the Twentynine Palms, California area in 1910. In the area that became Joshua Tree National Park, he became acquainted with local outlaw and cattle rustler Jim McHaney, taking care of him in declining health. Keys eventually took over McHaney's properties after McHaney's death, gradually expanding what became the Desert Queen, its name borrowed from the nearby Desert Queen Mine. Keys married Francis M. Lawton in 1918, and they had seven children together, three of whom died and were buried at the ranch. During a dispute over the Wall Street Mill, Keys shot and killed Worth Bagley. Keys was convicted of murder and went to San Quentin Prison, where Keys educated himself in the library. Keys was paroled in 1950 and was pardoned in 1956 through the efforts of Erle Stanley Gardner, author of the Perry Mason novels. Mining equipment at the ranch includes an arrastra and a stamp mill for ore processing. Other buildings include an adobe barn, a schoolhouse, a tack shed, machine shed, cemetery and a variety of houses and cabins. Park rangers provide guided walking tours of the ranch from October through May. Tours are limited in size and must be booked in advance.

Location

Twentynine Palms, San Bernardino County, California
34.04435, -116.16683

Categories

INDUSTRYAGRICULTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Native Heritage
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Nearby Historic Sites

Cow Camp
Listed
0.4 mi
Barker Dam
Industrial
1.5 mi
Wall Street Mill
Industrial
2 mi
Ryan House and Lost Horse Well
Listed
4.2 mi
Desert Queen Mine
Industrial
5.7 mi

Questions about this property

When was Keys Desert Queen Ranch listed on the National Register?

Keys Desert Queen Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 30, 1975.

What type of historic resource is Keys Desert Queen Ranch?

Keys Desert Queen Ranch is classified as a district in the National Register of Historic Places.

What is the period of significance for Keys Desert Queen Ranch?

The period of significance for Keys Desert Queen Ranch is recorded as the listed era.

Can I research the history near Keys Desert Queen Ranch?

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