National Register of Historic Places

Wilcox, Crittenden Mill

Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut
Listed
December 3, 1986
Type
District
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
86003349

About this property

The Wilcox, Crittenden Mill, also known as Wilcox, Crittenden Mill Historic District, is a 17-acre (6.9 ha) property in Middletown, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was the location of the Wilcox, Crittenden company, a marine hardware firm. The historic district listing included four contributing buildings and three other contributing sites. The mill complex consists of four surviving mill buildings, built between 1814 and 1917, and foundational remnants of others, as well as two brownstone dams. Mill A, built in 1814 to house weaving operations, was converted into an office when larger facilities were built. Mill B, located to its north, is 247 feet (75 m) long, and was built between 1901 and 1912. Mill C is a concrete block structure built in 1907, and is 350 feet (110 m) long. Mill D stands across the ravine of Pamachea Creek from Mill C, and is the youngest of the four buildings. This building is sited on the north bank of Pameacha Creek. It is located in a commercial and industrial area and faces the busy intersection of Warwick and South Main Streets. Nearby are related, later factory buildings. A modern solar-energized bank is located across the intersection to the west. The main part of this structure was erected in 1814 by John Watkinson as a woolen factory. Pamecha Creek was a prime source of water power in Middletown; a mill had occupied this site since the 1650s. Following Watkinson's death in 1836, this building was occupied by another woolen business, known as The Pamecha Manufacturing Company. In 1849 William Walter Wilcox, a young and aggressive factory worker, went into business with Ira Penfield, his employer. Together they continued manufacturing Penfield's recently patented grommet (a small metal device used in the raising and lowering of sails) in the basement of this building, and established the firm of Penfield and Wilcox. Wilcox then went on the road, successfully selling this new device, and establishing a coast-to-coast reputation. When Penfield retired in 1857, Wilcox took in Joseph Hall Jr. as a partner and the firm known as Wilcox and Hall was established. Hall left the business in 1867. in 1869 the firm acquired the name by which it has been known for over one hundred years, The Wilcox, Crittenden and Company. The firm's prominent managers at this time were William Walter Wilcox, Albert R. Crittenden (a former Middletown Mayor), E. Bound Chaffee, and Homer Churchill. This firm brought force and strength to the ships' chandlery business. They constructed additions to the existing structures to meet their rapidly growing needs. Their success was attributed to honesty, paying close attention to the business and having a good understanding of maritime needs.

Location

234--315 S. Main St., Pameacha, and Highlands Aves.
Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut
41.54912, -72.65048

Categories

INDUSTRYHISTORIC - NON-ABORIGINALARCHITECTUREMARITIME HISTORY
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Middletown Alms House
Industrial
0.1 mi
Sanseer Mill
Industrial
0.5 mi
Middletown South Green Historic District
Listed
0.5 mi
Xi Chapter, Psi Upsilon Fraternity
Industrial
0.6 mi
YMCA of Northern Middlesex County
Industrial
0.6 mi

Questions about this property

When was Wilcox, Crittenden Mill listed on the National Register?

Wilcox, Crittenden Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3, 1986.

What type of historic resource is Wilcox, Crittenden Mill?

Wilcox, Crittenden Mill is classified as a district in the National Register of Historic Places.

What is the period of significance for Wilcox, Crittenden Mill?

The period of significance for Wilcox, Crittenden Mill is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near Wilcox, Crittenden Mill?

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