National Historic Landmark

Phipps Site

Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
Site
Period
Listed
Ref No.
66000335

About this property

The Phipps Site (13CK21) is a Late Prehistoric Mill Creek culture archaeological site near Cherokee in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States. Its principal feature, a refuse midden, has yielded important information on the formation of middens in the region. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The Phipps Site is located on the banks of Mill Creek in Cherokee County, occupying a broad terrace about 10 feet (3.0 m) above the typical water level of the creek. The principal feature of the site is a long and deep refuse midden, which, despite losses to plowing and erosion, still contained artifacts to a depth of more than 8 feet (2.4 m), indicative of a long period of use. Evidence of habitation has also been found in the form of depressions, a feature associated with earth lodges, semi-subterranean dwellings typical of the Mill Creek culture. Finds at the site include pottery fragments from both the Early and Late Little Sioux phases of the Mill Creek culture, and significant assemblages of the remains of raptors, suggesting some sort of ritual importance. The site also has artifacts attributed to the Middle Mississippian culture, evidence of a fairly long-range trading network. The site underwent excavation in the 1930s, and again in 1952 under the auspices of Cherokee's Sanford Museum and the Iowa Archaeological Society. It was excavated by the University of Iowa in 1955 and 1956, and has since then been subject to further investigation. The site is subject to erosion, and was damaged during flooding in 1993. National Register of Historic Places listings in Cherokee County, Iowa Alex, Lynn (2000) Iowa's Archaeological Past. University of Iowa Press. pp. 153–167. Fishel, Richard L. (1995) Excavations at the Phipps Site (13CK21): New Perspectives on Mill Creek Culture. Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Location

Cherokee, Cherokee County, Iowa

Categories

PREHISTORIC
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Native Heritage
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Settlement
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Questions about this property

When was Phipps Site listed on the National Register?

Phipps Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is Phipps Site?

Phipps Site is classified as a site in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Phipps Site a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Phipps Site has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Phipps Site?

The period of significance for Phipps Site is recorded as the listed era.

Can I research the history near Phipps Site?

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