National Historic Landmark

Unity Temple

Oak Park, Cook County, Illinois
Listed
April 16, 1970
Type
Building
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
70000240

About this property

Unity Temple is a Unitarian Universalist church building that houses the Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation at 875 Lake Street in Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The structure, designed by the architect Frank Lloyd Wright in the Prairie style, is cited as an early example of modern architecture. The building consists of an auditorium to the north and a church house called Unity House to the south. The two sections, and an entrance pavilion between them, are made of reinforced concrete. The congregation was formed as the Unity Church of Oak Park in 1871. It originally occupied a Gothic Revival building and went through several pastors in its first two decades. Rodney Johonnot, who became the senior pastor in 1892, began planning a replacement structure in the early 1900s. After the original church burned down in 1905, the board of trustees selected a site on Lake Street and hired Wright to design a new building, Unity Temple. Wright's plans were approved in 1906 after much debate, and construction began on May 15 of that year. After various delays, Unity House opened in September 1907, and the auditorium was finished in October 1908; the church was dedicated on September 26, 1909. Over the years, the temple attracted visitors from around the U.S. and the world. The church was restored in the 1960s, and it gradually underwent further upgrades from the 1970s to the 2000s. Unity Temple was completely refurbished from 2015 to 2017. The temple is decorated with abstract motifs instead of overtly religious imagery. The facade is made of Portland cement, which has been washed away to expose the gravel underneath; there are recessed clerestory windows near the top. Unlike contemporary churches, Unity Temple was designed without a spire; instead, the roof consists of multiple flat, overhanging concrete slabs. The auditorium is shaped like a Greek cross, with stair towers at each corner. It has two levels of seating surrounding a central pulpit, in addition to clerestories and skylights. Unity House has skylights and two balconies. Unity Temple has received extensive architectural commentary over the years, and it has been the subject of many media works, including books and museum exhibits. Its design is credited with having helped inspire multiple architects. Unity Temple is designated as a National Historic Landmark and is part of The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, a World Heritage Site.

Location

875 Lake St.
Oak Park, Cook County, Illinois
41.88834, -87.79681

Categories

ARCHITECTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Masonic Temple Building
Industrial
0.1 mi
Scoville Place
Listed
0.1 mi
Thomas, Frank, House
Industrial
0.2 mi
Gale, Mrs. Thomas H., House
Industrial
0.3 mi
Heurtley, Arthur, House
Industrial
0.4 mi

Nearby Battles

Fort Dearborn — Evacuation Route Ambush 1812
1812Early Republic
7.9 mi

Questions about this property

When was Unity Temple listed on the National Register?

Unity Temple was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1970.

What type of historic resource is Unity Temple?

Unity Temple is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Unity Temple a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Unity Temple has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Unity Temple?

The period of significance for Unity Temple is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near Unity Temple?

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