Middle Creek Battlefield
National Historic Landmark

Middle Creek Battlefield

Prestonsburg, Floyd County, Kentucky
Listed
March 26, 1992
Type
Site
Period
Civil War
Ref No.
91001665

About this property

The Battle of Middle Creek was an engagement fought January 10, 1862, in Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War. It was the only battle personally commanded by future president James A. Garfield, then a colonel in the Union Army. More than 1 month after Confederate Colonel John S. Williams left Kentucky, following the fight at Ivy Mountain, Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall led another force into Eastern Kentucky to continue recruiting activities. From his headquarters in Paintsville, on the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River, northwest of Prestonsburg, Marshall recruited volunteers. He raised a force of more than 2,000 men by early January, but could only partially equip them. Union Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell directed Col. James A. Garfield, the future president, to force Marshall to retreat back into Virginia. Leaving Louisa, Garfield took command of the 18th Brigade and began his march south on Paintsville. He compelled the Confederates to abandon Paintsville and retreat to the vicinity of Prestonsburg. Garfield slowly headed south, but swampy areas and numerous streams slowed his movements, and he arrived in the vicinity of Marshall on January 9, 1862. Heading out at 4:00 a.m. on January 10, Garfield marched a mile west near the Forks of Middle Creek, fought off the Confederate cavalry, and turned west to attack Marshall. Marshall had put his men in line of battle north and east of the creek near its forks. Garfield attacked shortly after noon, and the fighting continued for most of the afternoon until Union reinforcements arrived in time to dissuade the Confederates from assailing the Federal left. Instead, the Confederates retired south and were ordered back to Virginia on January 24. Garfield's force moved to Prestonsburg after the fight and then retired to Paintsville. Union forces had halted the Confederate 1861 offensive in Kentucky, and Middle Creek demonstrated that their strength had not diminished. The Battle of Middle Creek, along with the Battle of Mill Springs a little over a week later, cemented Union control of Eastern Kentucky until Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg launched his offensive in the summer and fall of 1862. Following these two January victories in Kentucky, the Federals carried the war into Tennessee in February. In October 1992, the battlefield was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service.

Location

Prestonsburg, Floyd County, Kentucky
37.65365, -82.81046

Categories

POLITICS/GOVERNMENTMILITARY
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

West Prestonsburg Bridge
Industrial
2.1 mi
Front Street Historic District
Listed
2.1 mi
Town Branch Bridge
Industrial
2.2 mi
Harkins, Joseph D., House
Industrial
2.2 mi
Callihan, G. D., House
Industrial
2.2 mi

Questions about this property

When was Middle Creek Battlefield listed on the National Register?

Middle Creek Battlefield was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 26, 1992.

What type of historic resource is Middle Creek Battlefield?

Middle Creek Battlefield is classified as a site in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Middle Creek Battlefield a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Middle Creek Battlefield has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Middle Creek Battlefield?

The period of significance for Middle Creek Battlefield is recorded as the civil_war era, specifically around 1862.

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