National Historic Landmark

Guardian Building

Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan
Listed
June 28, 1989
Type
Building
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
89001165

About this property

The Guardian Building is a landmark 43-story office skyscraper in the Financial District of downtown Detroit, Michigan. Built from 1928 to 1929, the building was originally called the Union Trust Building and is a bold example of Art Deco architecture, including art moderne designs. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989, and is currently owned by Wayne County. The main frame of the skyscraper rises 32 stories, capped by two asymmetric spires, one extending for seven additional stories. The roof height of the building is 496 ft (151 m), the top floor is 489 feet (149 m), and the spire reaches 632 ft (192.6 m). Its nickname, Cathedral of Finance, alludes both to the building's resemblance to a cathedral—with its tower over the main entrance and octagonal apse at the opposite end—and to New York City's Woolworth Building, which had earlier been dubbed the Cathedral of Commerce. Native American themes are common inside and outside the building. Wirt C. Rowland, of the Smith, Hinchman & Grylls firm, was the building's architect. The building rises from a granite and stone six story base with two sculptures created by Corrado Parducci flanking the Griswold Street entrance. The architect closely supervised the building of the exterior, which includes brickwork with tile, limestone, and terra cotta. The colored brick that Rowland selected for the exterior came to be marketed by the manufacturer as “Union Trust Brick” and, after 1939, as “Guardian brick”. Rowland designed furniture for the bank's offices as well as tableware, linens, and waitress uniforms for a restaurant in the building. The building's three-story, vaulted lobby is lavishly decorated with Pewabic and Rookwood tile. The semi-circular exterior domes are filled with Pewabic Pottery; Mary Chase Perry Stratton worked closely with the architect in the design of the symbolic decorations. (See Savage, infra.) A Monel metal screen divides the lobby from the banking hall on the second floor, the screen features a clock in the center designed by Tiffany. The building includes works by muralist Ezra Winter in the mosaic above the main lobby desk and the mural at the end of the banking hall. The large mosaic is of a pine tree and text that states the Union Trust Company's purpose for the building, "Founded on principles of faith and understating, this building is erected for the purpose of continuing and maintaining the ideals of financial services which promoted the organization of the institution". The mural highlights Michigan's industries such as manufacturing, farming and mining. In order to dampen the sound in the banking hall, its cement-plaster ceiling features a hand-painted canvas ceiling, which was stretched over a mat of horsehair.

Location

500 Griswold St.
Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan
42.32977, -83.04573

Categories

ARCHITECTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

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Nearby Battles

Surrender of Fort Detroit
1812Early Republic
0.1 mi
Siege of Fort Detroit — American Recovery 1813
1813Early Republic
0.1 mi
Battle of Bloody Run 1763 (Detroit)
1763Colonial
0.1 mi

Questions about this property

When was Guardian Building listed on the National Register?

Guardian Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 28, 1989.

What type of historic resource is Guardian Building?

Guardian Building is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Guardian Building a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Guardian Building has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Guardian Building?

The period of significance for Guardian Building is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near Guardian Building?

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