National Register of Historic Places

Harlem Fire Watchtower

New York, New York County, New York
Listed
June 20, 1976
Type
Structure
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
76001240

About this property

The Harlem Fire Watchtower, also known as the Mount Morris Fire Watchtower, is a fire lookout tower at Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. It is the only survivor of 11 cast-iron watchtowers placed throughout the city starting in the 1850s. Standing 47 feet (14 m) tall, it was built by Julius H. Kroehl for $2,300 based on a design by James Bogardus. The Mount Morris Park tower went into service in 1857 in response to Harlem residents’ demand. The towers gave volunteers a perch from which to watch for fires that were common in the wooden structures that then made up much of New York City, and the watchers then spread the word via bell ringing. Later, electric telegraphs were installed but the bell provided local alarms. When pull boxes and other technological advances rendered the fire watchtowers obsolete, the system was discontinued and the other towers eventually were destroyed. Harlem's, protected in the middle of a park, endured. During the New Deal, the area surrounding the watchtower was rebuilt by government employees as part of the Works Project Administration jobs program. This project created a gracious plaza (sometimes called "the Acropolis"), stone retaining wall, and wide steps approaching the summit from several sides for pedestrians. The tower was designated a city landmark in 1967 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The last work on the watchtower came in 1994, but cracks in the overall structure and in the bell remained. The granite parapet along the top was in need of restoration. Weather, lack of maintenance, and neglect took their toll over the years. Roof damage allowed water into the structure, rusting structural members. The original copper roof deteriorated and fell off, exposing the interior to more damage. Many of the internal steps were missing and park visitors may no longer climb them or get near the structure, which is protected by a fence. In 2013, the Mount Morris Park Community Improvement Association and the Marcus Garvey Park Alliance partnered with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to raise $4 million to restore the Harlem Watchtower, led by Valerie Jo Bradley. Starting in late 2014, NYC Parks disassembled the tower to restore the structure and ensure its soundness and stability before reconstruction. The tower reopened to visitors in December 2019.

Location

New York, New York County, New York
40.80406, -73.94355

Categories

ENGINEERINGCOMMUNICATIONS
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Mount Morris Park Historic District
Listed
0.2 mi
Congregation Shaare Zedek of Harlem
Industrial
0.2 mi
Mount Morris Park Historic District (Boundary Increase)
Listed
0.2 mi
Mount Morris Bank
Industrial
0.3 mi
Harlem Savings Bank
Industrial
0.3 mi

Nearby Battles

Battle of Harlem Heights
1776Revolutionary War
1.2 mi
Fort Lee Evacuation
1776Revolutionary War
3.3 mi
Fall of Fort Washington (1776)
1776Revolutionary War
3.3 mi
Battle of Fort Washington
1776Revolutionary War
3.3 mi

Questions about this property

When was Harlem Fire Watchtower listed on the National Register?

Harlem Fire Watchtower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1976.

What type of historic resource is Harlem Fire Watchtower?

Harlem Fire Watchtower is classified as a structure in the National Register of Historic Places.

What is the period of significance for Harlem Fire Watchtower?

The period of significance for Harlem Fire Watchtower is recorded as the industrial era.

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