National Historic Landmark

U.S. Customhouse

New York, New York County, New York
Listed
January 31, 1972
Type
Building
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
72000889

About this property

The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House (originally the New York Custom House) is a government building, museum, and former custom house at 1 Bowling Green, near the southern end of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. Designed by Cass Gilbert in the Beaux-Arts style, it was erected from 1902 to 1907 by the government of the United States as a headquarters for the Port of New York's duty collection operations. The building contains the George Gustav Heye Center museum, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, and the New York regional offices of the National Archives. The facade and part of the interior are New York City designated landmarks, and the building is listed on both the New York State Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as a National Historic Landmark. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, listed on the NRHP. The Custom House is a seven-story steel-framed structure with a stone facade and elaborate interiors. The exterior is decorated with nautical motifs and sculptures by twelve artists. The second through fourth stories contain colonnades with Corinthian columns. The main entrance consists of a grand staircase flanked by Four Continents, a set of four statues by Daniel Chester French. The second-story entrance vestibule leads to a transverse lobby, a rotunda, and offices. The rotunda includes a skylight and ceiling murals by Reginald Marsh. The George Gustav Heye Center, a branch of the National Museum of the American Indian, operates on the ground and second stories, while the upper stories contain U.S. government offices. The building was proposed in 1889 as a replacement for the previous New York Custom House at 55 Wall Street. Because of various disagreements, the Bowling Green Custom House was not approved until 1899; Gilbert was selected as architect following a competition. The building opened in 1907, and the murals in the rotunda were added in 1938 during a Works Progress Administration project. The United States Customs Service moved out of the building in 1974, and it remained vacant for over a decade until renovations in the late 1980s. The Custom House was renamed in 1990 to commemorate Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and its first Secretary of the Treasury. The Heye Center opened in 1994.

Location

New York, New York County, New York
40.70415, -74.01367

Categories

ARCHITECTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Battery Park Control House
Civil War
0.1 mi
International Mercantile Marine Company Building
Industrial
0.1 mi
Bowling Green Fence and Park
Listed
0.1 mi
American Bank Note Company Building
Industrial
0.1 mi
Watson, James, House
Industrial
0.1 mi

Nearby Battles

Raid on the New York Battery
1775Revolutionary War
0.3 mi

Questions about this property

When was U.S. Customhouse listed on the National Register?

U.S. Customhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 31, 1972.

What type of historic resource is U.S. Customhouse?

U.S. Customhouse is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is U.S. Customhouse a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. U.S. Customhouse has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for U.S. Customhouse?

The period of significance for U.S. Customhouse is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near U.S. Customhouse?

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