Fort Belknap
National Historic Landmark

Fort Belknap

Newcastle, Young County, Texas
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
Building
Period
Early Republic
Ref No.
66000824

About this property

Fort Belknap, located near Newcastle, Texas, was established in November 1851 by brevet Brigadier General William G. Belknap to protect the Texas frontier against raids by the Kiowa and Comanche. It was the northernmost fort in a line from the Rio Grande to the Red River. The fort functioned as a base of operations rather than as a fortified point, and it became the center of a substantial network of roads, including the Butterfield Overland Mail. The fort was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, in recognition of its key role in securing the Texas frontier in the 1850s and 1860s. Other forts in the frontier fort system were Forts Griffin, Concho, Richardson, Chadbourne, Stockton, Davis, Bliss, McKavett, Clark, McIntosh, Inge, and Phantom Hill in Texas, and Sill in Oklahoma. Subposts or intermediate stations also were used, including Bothwick's Station on Salt Creek between Fort Richardson and Fort Belknap, Camp Wichita near Buffalo Springs between Fort Richardson and Red River Station, and Mountain Pass between Fort Concho and Fort Griffin. Some notable officers who were stationed at Fort Belknap include Captain Randolph B. Marcy and Lieutenant George B. McClellan. Together, the officers explored the Canadian River and found the headwaters of the Red River. The Second Cavalry was headquartered here in 1858 under the command of Major George H. Thomas. Prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War, the post was abandoned, partly as a pullback of federal troops to the north, and partly due to the fort's unreliable water supply. "Northern Indians fell upon the hapless Texas frontier with such violence that a whole tier of frontier counties was disbanded..." Families remaining in Young County "huddled in the abandoned buildings of Fort Belknap" and "during snow storms sought shelter in the abandoned buildings." The fort was briefly reoccupied in 1867, then abandoned for the last time. The fort was gradually dismantled for building materials, so that by 1936, only the magazine and part of the cornhouse remained. Beginning with the Texas Centennial, portions of the fort were rebuilt and restored, mostly on their original foundations. Starting in 2019, the fort underwent a renovation to update the museum housed in the commissary building and build a new support structure for the historic grape arbor. The arbor includes the largest mustang (muscadine) grape vine known to exist. The fort is home to the Fort Belknap Archives, which houses records from North Texas.

Location

Newcastle, Young County, Texas
32.87420, -98.74219

Categories

EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Stephens County Courthouse
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12.5 mi
Graham Post Office
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National Theater
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18.2 mi
Street, Spencer Boyd, Houses
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18.4 mi
Palo Pinto County Courthouse
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26.8 mi

Questions about this property

When was Fort Belknap listed on the National Register?

Fort Belknap was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is Fort Belknap?

Fort Belknap is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Fort Belknap a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Fort Belknap has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Fort Belknap?

The period of significance for Fort Belknap is recorded as the early_republic era, specifically around 1851.

Can I research the history near Fort Belknap?

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