National Historic Landmark

J A Ranch

Palo Duro, Armstrong County, Texas
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
District
Period
Listed
Ref No.
66000807

About this property

The JA Ranch is a historic cattle ranch in the Palo Duro Canyon in Armstrong County, Texas. Founded in 1876 by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, it is the oldest cattle ranching operation in the Texas Panhandle. Its headquarters area was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for its association with Goodnight, one of the most influential cattle barons of the late 19th century. The ranch is an ongoing business, operated by Adair's descendants. The JA Ranch is located southeast of Amarillo, Texas in the Texas Panhandle. The main ranch house, now a museum devoted to Charles Goodnight, is located a short way south of United States Route 287. It is a two-story construction, its oldest portion a log cabin which predates the American Civil War. The main portion of the house, built beginning in 1879, has rough stone walls on the ground floor and a wood-framed second story. Nearby outbuildings include the original 19th-century stables and corral, and a house for bunking ranch hands. Charles Goodnight (1836–1929) was a native of Illinois who became a Texas Ranger in 1857. After the American Civil War, he became involved in cattle herding operations that recovered many thousands of heads of cattle left unsupervised during the conflict, blazing major herding trails across West Texas. After starting a ranching operation in eastern Colorado, he returned to the Palo Duro Canyon area (site of a major operation he led against the Kiowa and Comanche), and established a small ranch in 1874. He then entered into a partnership with John Adair, a wealthy landowner from Co. Laois in Ireland, who funded the ranch's expansion while Goodnight managed it. Under their oversight the ranch grew to over 700,000 acres (2,800 km2). Upon John Adair's death in 1885, his wife, Cornelia (Wadsworth) Ritchie Adair, assumed the partnership with Goodnight. Goodnight retired to a smaller ranch nearby in 1889. Cornelia Adair supervised the ranch operations until her death in 1921 after which her descendants maintained the ranch into the 21st century. National Register of Historic Places listings in Armstrong County, Texas

Location

Palo Duro, Armstrong County, Texas
34.81735, -101.18877

Categories

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Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Goodnight, Charles and Mary Ann (Molly), Ranch House
Industrial
14.8 mi
Martin-Lowe House
Industrial
18.6 mi
Donley County Courthouse and Jail
Industrial
18.8 mi
Clarendon Motor Company Building
Industrial
18.9 mi
Mayfield Dugout
Industrial
25.2 mi

Questions about this property

When was J A Ranch listed on the National Register?

J A Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is J A Ranch?

J A Ranch is classified as a district in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is J A Ranch a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. J A Ranch has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for J A Ranch?

The period of significance for J A Ranch is recorded as the listed era.

Can I research the history near J A Ranch?

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