National Historic Landmark

Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation

Richmond, Hanover County, Virginia
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
District
Period
Listed
Ref No.
66000837

About this property

The Edmund Ruffin Plantation, also known as Marlbourne, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in Hanover County, Virginia, 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Richmond. Built in 1840, the plantation was purchased in 1843 by Edmund Ruffin, a Virginia planter and a pioneer in agricultural improvements; he also published an agricultural journal in the 1840s named the Farmer's Register. One of a group of intellectuals they called "the sacred circle", he worked to reform agriculture in the South, promoting crop rotation and soil conservation; he is considered to have been "the father of soil science" in the United States. Ruffin experimented with agricultural methods and mixed marl, defined as "a friable earthy deposit consisting of clay and calcium carbonate, used esp. as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime" to add to soils. He and his friends: James Henry Hammond, Nathaniel Beverley Tucker, George Frederick Holmes, and William Gilmore Simms, were pro-slavery and promoted a moral reform of the South. They published numerous articles in literary and short-lived magazines, promoting a stewardship role for masters to improve conditions under slavery. Later Ruffin gained more attention as one of a number of secessionist fire-eaters; he traveled to South Carolina and is credited with firing one of the first shots at Fort Sumter in 1861. Despondent after General Lee's surrender in 1865, he left a note proclaiming his "unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule—to all political, social and business connections with Yankees, & to the perfidious, malignant, & vile Yankee race" and committed suicide at Redmoor in Amelia County. He is buried on the grounds of Marlbourne. His Marlbourne plantation was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. National Register of Historic Places listings in Hanover County, Virginia Diary records of Ruffin's son, Edmund Ruffin, Jr., survive and describe events at this and other Ruffin plantations: Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations From the Revolution Through the Civil War Edmund Ruffin at another encyclopedia, mentioning his use of marl

Location

Richmond, Hanover County, Virginia
37.66577, -77.22314

Categories

POLITICS/GOVERNMENTAGRICULTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Immanuel Episcopal Church
Industrial
1.6 mi
Clover Lea
Industrial
2.6 mi
Cold Harbor National Cemetery
Listed
3.6 mi
Spring Green
Industrial
3.7 mi
Mount Columbia
Industrial
3.9 mi

Nearby Battles

Old Church Fight (May 30, 1864)
1864Civil War
0.5 mi
Battle of Haw's Shop (Virginia 1864)
1864Civil War
1.1 mi
Battle of Cold Harbor – June 1-3 1864
1864Civil War
1.6 mi

Questions about this property

When was Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation listed on the National Register?

Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation?

Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation is classified as a district in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation?

The period of significance for Ruffin, Edmund, Plantation is recorded as the listed era.

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