National Register of Historic Places

Whitman Mission National Historic Site

Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington
Listed
October 14, 1966
Type
Site
Period
Colonial
Ref No.
66000749

About this property

Whitman Mission National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located just west of Walla Walla, Washington, at the site of the former Whitman Mission at Waiilatpu. On November 29, 1847, Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa Whitman, and 11 others were slain by Native Americans of the Cayuse. The site commemorates the Whitmans, their role in establishing the Oregon Trail, and the challenges encountered when two cultures meet. In 1836, a small group of Presbyterian missionaries traveled with the annual fur trapper's caravan into Oregon Country. Among the group, Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Hart Spalding became the first white women to travel across the continent. Marcus Whitman and Narcissa Whitman established the Whitman Mission at Waiilatpu, near the Walla Walla River. The mission was in Cayuse territory. The Cayuse welcomed the Whitmans to their land in 1836 after learning of them the previous year from Samuel Parker. The Mission became an important stop along the Oregon Trail from 1843 to 1847, and passing immigrants added to the tension. With the influx of white settlers the Cayuse became suspicious of the Whitmans again, fearing that the white man was coming to take the land. A measles outbreak in November 1847 killed half the local Cayuse. The measles also broke out in the Mission but more white settlers survived. Some of the Cayuse blamed the devastation of their tribe on Dr. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman. They were killed along with eleven others; forty-seven other mission residents were taken hostage. The deaths of the Whitmans shocked the country, prompting Congress to make Oregon a US territory, and precipitated the Cayuse War. Five Cayuse were hanged for murder; see Cayuse Five. In more recent times, the site has been excavated for important artifacts, and then reburied. A memorial obelisk, erected fifty years after the event, stands on a nearby hill. The historic site was established in 1936 as Whitman National Monument and was redesignated a National Historic Site on January 1, 1963. National Park Service: Whitman Mission National Historic Site

Location

Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington
46.04123, -118.46180

Categories

HISTORIC - ABORIGINALAGRICULTUREEXPLORATION/SETTLEMENTPOLITICS/GOVERNMENTRELIGIONSOCIAL HISTORY
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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The Civil War
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Native Heritage
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Settlement
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Nearby Historic Sites

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Fort Walla Walla Historic District
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5.1 mi
Walla Walla Valley Traction Company Car Barn
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Washington School
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5.6 mi

Questions about this property

When was Whitman Mission National Historic Site listed on the National Register?

Whitman Mission National Historic Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1966.

What type of historic resource is Whitman Mission National Historic Site?

Whitman Mission National Historic Site is classified as a site in the National Register of Historic Places.

What is the period of significance for Whitman Mission National Historic Site?

The period of significance for Whitman Mission National Historic Site is recorded as the colonial era.

Can I research the history near Whitman Mission National Historic Site?

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