A place in Berkshire with a history you can trace through the records: its entry in the 1086 Domesday Book, the archaeological finds and scheduled monuments around it, and the nearest Roman sites and battlefields. Everything below is drawn from the historical record.
In 1086, Waltham was held by Durham (St Cuthbert), bishop of.
When William the Conqueror's commissioners surveyed Waltham in 1086, they recorded 2 manors held by Durham (St Cuthbert), bishop of, Chertsey (St Peter), abbey of and Turold. Before the Conquest, in the time of King Edward, the land was held by Wulfwin the canon and Chertsey (St Peter), abbey of.
The settlement was assessed at 13 hides for tax. There was land for 18 ploughs, with 20 plough teams at work (6 in the lord's demesne and 14 held by the villagers). The recorded population was 35 heads of household: 26 villagers, 5 cottagers and 4 slaves. These are heads of household, so the settlement's true population was several times larger. Its recorded resources included meadow (3 acres) and woodland (6 swine render). The manors were valued at 11.5 pounds in 1086, up from 11 pounds in 1066.
The Domesday Book was the great survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086, the oldest surviving public record in the country. How the survey worked →
Waltham was one of the settlements recorded in Berkshire in the 1086 survey. Berkshire in the Domesday survey →
This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 15 strands of Waltham's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
Nationally registered historic battlefields within 25 miles of Waltham.
1,267 recorded finds have been logged within about 5 miles of Waltham, reported by members of the public and entered in the national record of archaeological finds. They span these periods:
The bedrock beneath Waltham is Lambeth Group (Paleocene).
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.