A settlement recorded in William the Conqueror's great survey of England, completed in 1086.
In 1086, Caxton was held by Hardwin of Scales.
The Domesday Book was the result of a comprehensive survey ordered by William the Conqueror at Christmas 1085. Royal commissioners rode out across every county of England, recording the name and size of every settlement, who held it, what it was worth, and how that compared with the value it had held in the time of Edward the Confessor twenty years before.
For a settlement like Caxton, being entered in the Domesday Book was a defining moment in its history — a written acknowledgement of its existence by the new Norman state. The survey recorded the manor's lord, its taxable assessment in hides or carucates, the number of ploughs at work, and the population of villagers, smallholders and slaves who farmed the land.
The names of Domesday settlements reveal the deep roots of England's landscape. Many carry Saxon, Danish or even older origins — names that were already ancient when the Norman commissioners inscribed them in the great survey. Understanding a place's Domesday record is the first step in tracing the full arc of its history from the early medieval period to the present day.
Cambridgeshire in 1086 encompassed the southern edge of the Fens, a landscape of rich agricultural land punctuated by marshes and navigable waterways. The great abbey of Ely dominated the region's ecclesiastical landholding, while the town of Cambridge itself was a growing centre of commerce on the River Cam. Domesday records here reflect a county transitioning from Anglo-Saxon to Norman rule.
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.
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