A place in Essex with a history you can trace through the records: its entry in the 1086 Domesday Book, the archaeological finds and scheduled monuments around it, and the nearest Roman sites and battlefields. Everything below is drawn from the historical record.
In 1086, Heydon was held by Ely (St Etheldreda), abbey of.
When William the Conqueror's commissioners surveyed Heydon in 1086, they recorded 2 manors held by Ely (St Etheldreda), abbey of, Hugh of Bernières, William Cardon, Godwin the Englishman, Leofwin and Robert son of Roscelin. Before the Conquest, in the time of King Edward, the land was held by Alwin (Stickhare), Ely (St Etheldreda), abbey of, William, Godwin the Englishman and Leofwin.
The settlement was assessed at 35.88 hides for tax. The record notes 39 plough teams at work (11 in the lord's demesne and 28 held by the villagers). The recorded population was 115 heads of household: 63 villagers, 34 smallholders and 18 slaves. These are heads of household, so the settlement's true population was several times larger. Its recorded resources included meadow (67 acres), woodland (170 pigs) and 5 mills. The manors were valued at 41.55 pounds in 1086, up from 20 pounds in 1066.
The Domesday Book was the great survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086, the oldest surviving public record in the country. How the survey worked →
Heydon was one of the settlements recorded in Essex in the 1086 survey. Essex in the Domesday survey →
This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 15 strands of Heydon's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
1,185 recorded finds have been logged within about 5 miles of Heydon, reported by members of the public and entered in the national record of archaeological finds. They span these periods:
The bedrock beneath Heydon is White Chalk Subgroup (Maastrichtian).
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.