Domesday BookEssexIpswich
Essex · Local History

The History of Ipswich

A place in Essex with a history you can trace through the records: its entry in the 1086 Domesday Book, the archaeological finds and scheduled monuments around it, and the nearest Roman sites and battlefields. Everything below is drawn from the historical record.

In 1086, Ipswich was held by King William.

The record

What the Domesday Book records for Ipswich

When William the Conqueror's commissioners surveyed Ipswich in 1086, they recorded 20 manors held by King William, Alwulf the priest, Culling the burgess, Leofstan the priest, Tumbi, Wulfwin the priest, Godric, Aeschere of Ipswich, Edric, Thorkil, Count Alan (of Brittany), Robert Malet, Ro(ger) Bigot, Richard son of (Count) Gilbert, Swein of Essex, Hugh de Montfort, Geoffrey de Mandeville, Roger of Rames, Ivo of Aluredestuna, Walter the deacon, Northmann the sheriff and Aelfric son of Rolf, under Bishop Odo of Bayeux and Ranulf brother of Ilger. Before the Conquest, in the time of King Edward, the land was held by (Archbishop) Stigand, Queen Edith, Earl Gyrth, King Edward, Leoffled, Edric of Laxfield, Edwy, Fin (the Dane), Wihtgar (son of Aelfric), Robert (son of Wiuhomarch), Leofson and Durand (of Offton).

The settlement was assessed at 15.12 hides for tax. The record notes 20 plough teams at work (4 in the lord's demesne and 16 held by the villagers). The recorded population was 51 heads of household: 15 villagers, 35 smallholders and 1 slave. These are heads of household, so the settlement's true population was several times larger. Its recorded resources included meadow (4 acres), woodland (4 pigs) and 3.33 mills. The manors were valued at 90.05999999999999 pounds in 1086, up from 33.6 pounds in 1066.

The record in full
Holdings
20 manors
Held in 1086 by
King William; Alwulf the priest; Culling the burgess; Leofstan the priest; Tumbi; Wulfwin the priest; Godric; Aeschere of Ipswich; Edric; Thorkil; Count Alan (of Brittany); Robert Malet; Ro(ger) Bigot; Richard son of (Count) Gilbert; Swein of Essex; Hugh de Montfort; Geoffrey de Mandeville; Roger of Rames; Ivo of Aluredestuna; Walter the deacon; Northmann the sheriff; Aelfric son of Rolf
Held in 1066 by
(Archbishop) Stigand; Queen Edith; Earl Gyrth; King Edward; Leoffled; Edric of Laxfield; Edwy; Fin (the Dane); Wihtgar (son of Aelfric); Robert (son of Wiuhomarch); Leofson; Durand (of Offton)
Tenant-in-chief
Bishop Odo of Bayeux; Ranulf brother of Ilger
Value in 1086
90.05999999999999 pounds (33.6 pounds in 1066)
Taxable assessment
15.12 hides
Ploughs at work
20
Recorded population
15 villagers, 35 smallholders, 1 slave
Meadow
4 acres
Woodland
4 pigs
Mills
3.33

The Domesday Book was the great survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086, the oldest surviving public record in the country. How the survey worked →

Ipswich was one of the settlements recorded in Essex in the 1086 survey. Essex in the Domesday survey →

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Everything a full report reveals about Ipswich

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 15 strands of Ipswich's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Domesday
The settlement's entry in the 1086 Domesday Book: who held it, what it was worth, and the people who worked the land.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
LiDAR
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks hidden under fields and woodland, with likely features flagged.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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Archaeology

Archaeological finds near Ipswich

12 recorded finds have been logged within about 5 miles of Ipswich, reported by members of the public and entered in the national record of archaeological finds. They span these periods:

Roman: 6Post medieval: 3Medieval: 1Early medieval: 1
Landscape

The ground beneath Ipswich

The bedrock beneath Ipswich is Lambeth Group (Paleocene).

Common questions

Questions about Ipswich

Was Ipswich in the Domesday Book?+
Yes. Ipswich was recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as a settlement in the historic county of Essex.
Who held Ipswich in 1086?+
In 1086, Ipswich was held by King William.
Who held Ipswich before the Norman Conquest?+
Before the Conquest in 1066, Ipswich was held by (Archbishop) Stigand.
How many people lived in Ipswich in 1086?+
The 1086 survey recorded 51 people in Ipswich: 15 villagers, 35 smallholders and 1 slave.
Where is Ipswich today?+
Ipswich is a settlement in the historic county of Essex, England.
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Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.

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