A place in Surrey with a history you can trace through the records: its entry in the 1086 Domesday Book, the archaeological finds and scheduled monuments around it, and the nearest Roman sites and battlefields. Everything below is drawn from the historical record.
In 1086, Effingham was held by Oswald (brother of Abbot Wulfwold).
When William the Conqueror's commissioners surveyed Effingham in 1086, they recorded 2 manors held by Oswald (brother of Abbot Wulfwold), under Chertsey (St Peter), abbey of and Richard son of (Count) Gilbert. Before the Conquest, in the time of King Edward, the land was held by Oswald (brother of Abbot Wulfwold), Azur of Slindon and free man, one.
The settlement was assessed at 13.25 hides for tax. There was land for 7 ploughs, with 4.5 plough teams at work (2 in the lord's demesne and 2.5 held by the villagers). The recorded population was 28 heads of household: 8 villagers, 14 smallholders and 6 slaves. These are heads of household, so the settlement's true population was several times larger. Its recorded resources included meadow (1 acres) and woodland (10 swine render). The manors were valued at 8 pounds in 1086, up from 7 pounds in 1066.
The Domesday Book was the great survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086, the oldest surviving public record in the country. How the survey worked →
Effingham was one of the settlements recorded in Surrey in the 1086 survey. Surrey in the Domesday survey →
This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 15 strands of Effingham's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
1,804 recorded finds have been logged within about 5 miles of Effingham, reported by members of the public and entered in the national record of archaeological finds. They span these periods:
The bedrock beneath Effingham is White Chalk Subgroup (Maastrichtian).
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.