Roman BritainBrandon Camp
Roman Military Camp · Military

Brandon Camp

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 134603097
Site type
Military Camp
Category
Military
Latitude
52.3464
Longitude
-2.8823
Overview

History & context

Brandon Camp is an archaeological site, about 1 mile south of Leintwardine, in Herefordshire. England. It is a hillfort of the Iron Age, which later became a Roman fort. The site is a scheduled monument.

The visible defences consist of a single bank forming a roughly triangular enclosure, with rounded angles and slightly curved sides, on the western side of Brandon Hill. The maximum dimensions are about 250 metres (820 ft) west to east and 260 metres (850 ft) north to south, enclosing about 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres). The shape of the hill has determined the location of the defences. There is a precipitous slope on the north-west side, thought to have been artificially steepened. There is a clearly defined rampart on the east and south sides. An entrance on the north side, which has been widened, is probably original; there is an entrance on the east side, also widened, and a modern entrance on the south.

The hillfort Coxall Knoll lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west-north-west, across the River Teme, and there are buried remains of Roman camps in between, including Buckton Roman Fort.

Aerial photographs taken in 1959 and 1965 showed cropmarks inside the defences, in particular a rectangular area 14.5 by 32 metres (48 by 105 ft) just inside the eastern entrance, thought to be a Roman granary. Aerial photographs of 1965 and 1976 showed that the original Iron Age fort probably occupied most of the hilltop; this suggested that the visible defences date from the Roman period and that, like Hod Hill in Dorset, a Roman fort was built on a captured British fort.

The features seen were investigated by excavation in the early 1980s by Sheppard Frere and J. K. St Joseph. The presence of the granary was confirmed. Immediately to the west were three widely separated canabae, two-roomed huts thought to be accommodation for officers. There were nine huts to the north, spaced more closely together, on either side of what may have been a road. A large circular feature seen as crop-marks on aerial photographs was found to be a Bronze Age ring ditch; nearby there was an Iron Age enclosure ditch. These were partly overlaid by a group of buildings around three sides of a courtyard, with other buildings adjacent to this. The area was interpreted as a combined Roman praetorium (commandant's house) and principia (regimental headquarters). There were finds including shards of Samian ware dating from the reign of Nero.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

About this site

Questions & answers

What is Brandon Camp?

Brandon Camp is an archaeological site, about 1 mile south of Leintwardine, in Herefordshire. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a military camp site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is Brandon Camp?

Brandon Camp is classified as a Roman military camp — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near Brandon Camp?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Roman site NW of Brandon Villa (0.5 km), Roman temporary camp S of Walford Bridge (0.5 km), Roman fort (1.3 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around Brandon Camp?

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Everything a full report reveals about Brandon Camp

This page covers the Roman site at Brandon Camp. A full Aubrey report for the area pulls together this site alongside scheduled monuments and everything else the record holds within a few miles:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Domesday
The settlement's entry in the 1086 Domesday Book: who held it, what it was worth, and the people who worked the land.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
LiDAR
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks hidden under fields and woodland, with likely features flagged.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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