Roman Britain‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’
Roman Fort · Military

‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 89146
Site type
Fort
Category
Military
Latitude
54.8558
Longitude
-1.5719
Overview

History & context

Concangis was an auxiliary castra in the Roman province of Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior). Its ruins are located in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, in England, and are now known as Chester-le-Street Roman Fort. It is situated 6 miles (10 km) north of the city of Durham and 8 miles (13 km) south of Newcastle upon Tyne.

The name Concangis is Brittonic but of uncertain meaning; it is possibly derived from a root *concos/*cancos meaning ‘horse’.

The Roman fort of Concangis is located east of the forts of Longovicium (Lanchester) and Vindomora (Ebchester) and 8 miles (13 km) south of Pons Aelius (Newcastle upon Tyne). It is east of the main Roman road of Dere Street, which connected other forts near Hadrian's Wall and beyond to Eboracum (York), and is close to Cade's Road, which is thought to have run from Eboracum to Pons Aelius. It is also speculated that Concangis may have been linked to Dere Street via a branch road heading west connecting to Longovicium (on Dere Street), but this has yet to be confirmed. The discovery by Raymond Selkirk of an abutment on the Cong Burn suggests that a bridge had been built there and had connected this fort with the one at Vindomora (Ebchester) to the west.

Concangis is listed on both the 4th/5th-century Notitia Dignitatum and the 7th-century Ravenna Cosmography.

The fort is on a high bluff, overlooking the valleys of the Wear to the east and the Cong Burn to the north, hence the fort is in the sort of position frequently favoured by Roman military surveyors. The road north to Pons Aelius passed west of the fort and made monitoring traffic easy. The fort covered roughly six and a half acres and was built first in turf and timber probably in the 70s AD by the Legio IX Hispana (Ninth Hispanic Legion) and later in stone by the Legio II Augusta (the Second Augustan Legion), probably during the early 2nd century, coinciding with the construction of Hadrian's Wall, which was also built in part by Legio II.

Excavations were carried out in 1978 and in 1990/1991. Unfortunately much of the fort is beneath the town of Chester-le-Street so little remains to be seen except for a portion of the excavated officers’ quarters left on display. Finds included pottery, fine table wares, coins, animal bones, a cheese press and curiously even a tile with a dog's footprint on it. Altars found range from ones dedicated to the war god Mars and the sun god Apollo to ones to Celtic and German gods such as Digenis and Vitiris. The large (3 out of 8) number of altars dedicated to patron deities concerned with the wellbeing of veteran soldiers would seem to suggest the inhabitants of Concangis included a high proportion of ex-military men. Two large stones in a buttress of the parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert have lewis holes for lifting, which strongly suggest they were recycled from the Roman fort.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

About this site

Questions & answers

What is ‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’?

Concangis was an auxiliary castra in the Roman province of Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior). It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a fort site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is ‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’?

‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’ is classified as a Roman fort — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near ‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Old Durham (8.6 km), Washing Wells Roman Fort (10.5 km), Longovicium (12.4 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

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Everything a full report reveals about ‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’

This page covers the Roman site at ‘Cocanges’/‘Concangios’. A full Aubrey report for the area pulls together this site alongside scheduled monuments and everything else the record holds within a few miles:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Domesday
The settlement's entry in the 1086 Domesday Book: who held it, what it was worth, and the people who worked the land.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
LiDAR
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks hidden under fields and woodland, with likely features flagged.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
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