National Historic Landmark

Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel

Hampton (Independent City), Hampton County, Virginia
Listed
October 2, 1985
Type
Structure
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
85002798

About this property

The Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel, also known as Eight-Foot Transonic Tunnel, was a wind tunnel located in Building 641 of NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. It was a National Historic Landmark. The tunnel was completed in 1936 at a cost of $36,266,000. Because of its high speed and Bernoulli's principle, the pressure in the test section is much lower than that in the rest of the tunnel. This required a structure that could withstand an inward force due to the pressure difference. Instead of steel construction, it was built from reinforced concrete with walls up to 1 ft (0.3 m) thick. This resulted in an "igloo-like" structure at the test section. The wind tunnel was designed as a single-return tunnel capable of moving air at speeds up to a Mach number up to 0.75. It was powered by an 8,000 hp (6,000 kW) electric motor. It was repowered to 16,000 hp (12,000 kW) to give Mach number 1 capability in 1945. In 1947, the speed was increased to a Mach number of 1.2 with the installation of a contoured nozzle. In 1950, a slotted-throat test section was installed, and it was repowered to 25,000 hp (19,000 kW). Because it was the first continuous-flow high-speed tunnel, this tunnel was a landmark in wind tunnel design. This meant it could operate almost indefinitely to produce a high-speed airstream approaching the speed of sound. And it was large enough to accommodate large-scale models and even full-scale aircraft sections. In 1950, the tunnel was the first in the world to be modified to incorporate a slotted throat design. This revolutionary design gave researchers their first accurate data on airframe performance in the transonic range. The tunnel was deactivated in 1956, when a new 8-foot (2.4 m) tunnel was built near it. The wind tunnel was used for critical tests that validated the area rule for the design of supersonic aircraft. This said that the fuselage of the aircraft should narrow at the wings and expand at their trailing edges. This resulted in "wasp-waisted" aircraft. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985. In 2011, Building 641, which housed the tunnel, was demolished. The landmark designation was withdrawn in 2014, and it was removed from the National Register of Historic Places. There are additional photographs of the wind tunnel in the Historic American Engineering Record collection.

Location

Hampton (Independent City), Hampton County, Virginia
37.08226, -76.34118

Categories

OTHERMILITARYENGINEERINGSCIENCE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Nearby Historic Sites

Full Scale Tunnel
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0.1 mi
Variable Density Tunnel
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0.3 mi
NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Historic District
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1.8 mi
Rendezvous Docking Simulator
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2 mi
Lunar Landing Research Facility
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3 mi

Nearby Battles

Big Bethel Battle (June 10, 1861)
1861Civil War
2.3 mi
Big Bethel
1861Civil War
2.4 mi
Battle of Big Bethel
1861Civil War
3.2 mi

Questions about this property

When was Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel listed on the National Register?

Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 2, 1985.

What type of historic resource is Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel?

Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel is classified as a structure in the National Register of Historic Places.

Is Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel a National Historic Landmark?

Yes. Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel has been designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the highest level of federal recognition for historic properties in the United States.

What is the period of significance for Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel?

The period of significance for Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel is recorded as the industrial era.

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