National Register of Historic Places

Oneida Street Station

Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
Listed
December 6, 1984
Type
Building
Period
Industrial
Ref No.
84000701

About this property

Oneida Street Station, also known as the East Wells Power Plant, was a power plant operated by The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company. Constructed from 1898 to 1900, it was designed by architect Herman Esser in neoclassical revival style. The building is located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the Milwaukee River and Wells Street, which was once known as Oneida Street. The company began operating electric street cars in 1890. Their expanding network of streetcar and interurban railway lines were powered by several of their own power plants. As the company generated more power than they used, they sold the excess electricity, and, as Wisconsin Energy Corporation, eventually became the major supplier of power to eastern Wisconsin. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) describes the plant as the "first central power station in the United States to be equipped and successfully operated with pulverized coal." The oldest building of the complex is the machine shop and boiler room #2, designed by E. Townsend Mix and built in 1890 for the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1896 the company and building were merged into the Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company. In 1900 TMER&L built the Oneida Street Plant just south of the old Edison building. Boiler room #3 was added north of the Edison building in 1923 and 1925. Boiler room #4 was added in 1938. From 1918 to 1920, the plant was the site of pioneering experiments into the use of pulverized coal-fired boilers. The chief engineer for the company directed experiments to determine whether pulverized coal would conserve fuel and reduced the cost of electrical power. This change was seen as controversial, and was opposed by many engineers. However, pulverized coal was determined to be much more efficient than stoker firing in the central station boilers. In addition to the change in the coal, a "water screen" was developed to reduce the temperature of the waste ash, to prevent it from fusing as slag on the floor of the boiler. Soon, boilers all over the country began using pulverized coal, due to the greater efficiency of the process. For this, the site is recognized as a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, in 1980, by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The building was added to the National Register of Historic places in 1984. However, the power plant was decommissioned and the building was renovated in 1987. The building currently houses the Associated Bank Theater Center and the Milwaukee Repertory Theater.

Location

108 E. Wells and 816 N. Edison Sts.
Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
43.04106, -87.91143

Categories

ENGINEERINGARCHITECTURE
National Register nomination ›
Sources

Property data from the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service (public domain).

Description adapted from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Unlimited access

Everything a full report reveals about Oneida Street Station

This page lists Oneida Street Station. A full Aubrey report for an address near it pulls together this listing alongside battlefield records, land patents, and every other historical record within a chosen radius:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with historic sites, battles and Native heritage plotted, and its full story era by era.
The Land
The historic sites and place names around the location, and how this land was settled and used.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back millions of years.
LiDAR Terrain
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks and old features hidden in the landscape.
Conflict & War
The battles, raids and skirmishes fought near here, across every era of American conflict.
The Civil War
The Civil War on this ground, 1861 to 1865: who held it, and the battles, camps and regiments nearby.
The Soldiers
The men who marched from here in the Civil War, named and traced where the record allows.
Native Heritage
The Native nations who held this land, mapped across time from before European contact to today.
Settlement
Who claimed and held this ground, from Indigenous homelands through the colonial powers to the United States.
The Community
How the town grew, who came, and what kind of place it became, traced through the census record.
Rivers & Rail
The rivers, canals and railroads that connected this place between 1830 and 1911.
Notable People
The people born, buried or genuinely tied to this exact place, with their stories.
Historical Maps
Historic maps of the location layered over how it looks today.
Finds & Access
Museum objects tied to the area, and the laws on searching, collecting and access here.
Literature
The old books, county histories and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Points of Interest
The most significant historic sites and landmarks near the location, and why they matter.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from first peoples to the present day.
First month just $5.99, then $11.99 a month. Unlimited locations, cancel anytime.

Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

Start your Oneida Street Station report
Or see a real report first

Nearby Historic Sites

Plankinton-Wells-Water Street Historic District
Listed
0 mi
Milwaukee City Hall
Industrial
0.1 mi
Germania Building
Industrial
0.1 mi
Marshall & Ilsley Bank
Industrial
0.1 mi
Milwaukee News Building and Milwaukee Abstract Association Building
Industrial
0.1 mi

Questions about this property

When was Oneida Street Station listed on the National Register?

Oneida Street Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1984.

What type of historic resource is Oneida Street Station?

Oneida Street Station is classified as a building in the National Register of Historic Places.

What is the period of significance for Oneida Street Station?

The period of significance for Oneida Street Station is recorded as the industrial era.

Can I research the history near Oneida Street Station?

Yes. Aubrey Research reports search National Register listings, battlefield records, land patents, and other primary historical sources within any radius of a US address. A report for an address near Oneida Street Station will include this listing and all other historical records in the area.

More in Milwaukee County

Historic places, battles, and census history across Milwaukee County.

Explore MilwaukeeCounty ›

More historic places in Wisconsin

Browse all historic places in Wisconsin.

View Wisconsinhistoric sites ›

Conflict records

Explore 19,000+ military engagements across American history.

Browse US conflicts ›

Wisconsin history

Colonial settlement, territorial period, and statehood narrative.

Wisconsinhistory ›

Research the history near this site

An Aubrey US report for an address near Oneida Street Station will include this listing alongside battlefield records and other historical sources within your chosen radius.

Research your locationView a free sample report