During the Jacobite march south through Cumberland in November 1745, the local militia attempted to resist near Penrith. The militia — nicknamed "the Loyal Associators" — was dispersed by Jacobite cavalry. The Jacobites marched through Penrith and Shap Fell, pressing deeper into England. The ease with which English militia scattered before the Highland army contrasted sharply with the difficulty of the retreat north a month later.
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