Scottish raiders from the West March struck Penrith and the surrounding Eden valley in 1345, burning the suburbs of the town and driving off livestock. Penrith in Cumberland was a key market town on the western route north and a regular target for Scottish raiding parties throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The 1345 raid was one of many that maintained the population of Cumberland in a state of chronic insecurity and drove many communities to build the distinctive pele towers — small defensible towers — that still dot the Cumbrian landscape.
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