The Black Douglas led one of the most far-reaching Scottish raids of the Wars of Independence in 1318, penetrating deep into Yorkshire and threatening the Midlands. The raid coincided with the recapture of Berwick by Scotland and demonstrated Bruce's ability to project military power simultaneously across multiple theatres. Yorkshire communities had believed themselves beyond the reach of Scottish raiding — the Douglas raid of 1318 shattered this illusion and created panic as far south as the Humber.
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