After Stirling Bridge, Wallace was elected Guardian of Scotland and immediately took the war to England. His autumn 1297 raid into Northumberland was a systematic ravaging designed to extract supplies for his army and demonstrate the impotence of Edward Is government. Contemporary English sources record that churches alone were spared — though even this is disputed. The raid created mass panic in northern England and showed that victory at Stirling Bridge had fundamentally changed the strategic balance.
Many English civilians killed or displaced; towns burned
Wallace with Scottish army of c.10,000-15,000; no English field force assembled
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