BattlefieldsBattle of Maldon
Early Medieval

Battle of Maldon

991
Essex, England
Also known as: Battle at Maldon · Battle of the Blackwater
Era
Early Medieval
Battle Type
Pitched Battle
Location
Essex, England
Status
Registered · ENG 47
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
East Saxons (Ealdorman Byrhtnoth)
Forces
c.3,000 Essex militia under Byrhtnoth
VS
Victor
Vikings (Olaf Tryggvason and Guthmund)
Forces
c.2,000-4,000 Vikings under Olaf
Outcome
Byrhtnoth killed; Danes received first national Danegeld payment (£10,000)
The Battle

History & Significance

One of the most famous battles in English history, commemorated in the Old English poem The Battle of Maldon. Ealdorman Byrhtnoth of Essex allowed the Danish army to cross the causeway to the mainland to fight on equal terms — an act of chivalric excess the poem calls ofermod (pride). He was killed and the battle lost. The defeat led directly to the first national Danegeld payment and set the precedent of buying off Viking armies rather than defeating them.

Casualties & Losses

Byrhtnoth and most of his household killed

Registered Historic Battlefield

This battlefield is listed on the Register of Historic Battlefields — a national designation identifying Britain's most significant battle sites for protection and further research. Reference: ENG 47.

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

Aubrey Research

Explore the landscape around Essex

Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in Britain — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.

Research a location near Essex