One of the greatest Welsh victories of the Norman period. While Stephen and Matilda fought in England, the Welsh seized their opportunity. Richard fitz Gilbert was killed in an ambush (separately) and his successor's army was routed at Crug Mawr near Cardigan. The Normans were driven from much of Wales. Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr emerged as dominant Welsh leaders.
c.3,000 Normans killed
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