William the Lion had invaded England to recover Northumberland. While conducting a chevauchee near Alnwick with a small mounted escort, he was surprised in a fog by English knights from the castle. He was unseated from his horse and captured. The Treaty of Falaise that followed made William Henry II's vassal and required Scotland to surrender key castles — the greatest humiliation of any Scottish king before the Wars of Independence. Richard I released William from the treaty in 1189 for 10,000 marks to fund the Third Crusade.
William the Lion captured
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