The Norman advance into the cantref of Gwarthaf in south-west Wales in 1093 followed the death of Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth, killed fighting Normans near Brecon. His death removed the last significant native ruler of south Wales who had been able to maintain his kingdom by recognising Norman overlordship, and the immediate consequence was the wholesale Norman invasion of Dyfed and Pembroke. Arnulf de Montgomery's seizure of the Pembroke headland followed directly from this power vacuum.
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