Henry II launched his most ambitious invasion of Wales in 1165, assembling an army at Oswestry and advancing through the Ceiriog Valley toward Berwyn. All the Welsh princes united under Owain Gwynedd — a remarkable coalition. The Welsh mounted hit-and-run attacks in the Ceiriog forest. Then the Berwyn Mountains were struck by catastrophic late-summer storms. Henry retreated, blinded Welsh hostages in revenge, and never invaded Wales again. The Ceiriog valley engagement is sometimes called the "Battle of Crogen." Weather won the war for Wales.
Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in Britain — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.
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