Fergus of Galloway, the founding father of the independent Galloway lordship, mounted repeated resistance to Scottish royal authority. His revolt against the young Malcolm IV in 1154 was one of the most serious challenges to the new reign. Malcolm was obliged to conduct military campaigns into Galloway more than once. Fergus eventually retired to Holyrood Abbey as a canon -- possibly under compulsion -- ending his career as a military challenger to the crown.
Malcolm IV: c. 1,000–2,000 troops. Fergus of Galloway: c. 500–1,500 warriors.
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