Harald Maddadsson's final submission to William the Lion resolved decades of friction between the Scottish crown and the Norse earldom that held Caithness on the Scottish mainland. Harald surrendered hostages and acknowledged Scottish overlordship for his mainland territories. He died in 1206, ending one of the most persistent challenges to Scottish royal authority in the north. His submission marked the effective integration of Caithness into the Scottish political system, though Norse cultural influence remained strong.
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