After Bannockburn, Bruce immediately began systematic raids into northern England. Northern English towns and monasteries paid protection money — 'blackmail' in its original sense — to avoid destruction. These were not opportunistic raids but calculated economic warfare designed to exhaust England and compel recognition of Scottish independence.
Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in Britain — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.
Research a location near Northumberland