Battle of Bramham Moor
Who Fought
History & Significance
The Battle of Bramham Moor on 19 February 1408 was the final battle in the Percy Rebellion of 1402 – 1408, which pitted Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, head of the rich and influential Percy family, against the usurper King of England, Henry IV. The Percys had previously supported Henry in his coup d'etat against his cousin King Richard II in 1399.
King Henry IV and Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland had fallen out in the aftermath of the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402, a victory by an English force led by Northumberland over an invading Scottish army. This resulted in the capture of a large number of Scottish nobles. As was the tradition of the day, a captured nobleman could buy his freedom through a ransom and Northumberland stood to make a large sum of money from his success. However, King Henry was suffering a financial crisis due to the chaotic state of affairs following his coup to seize the throne, wars in Wales and Scotland and the disobedience of several parts of England and Wales still loyal to the deposed (and murdered) Richard II.
Seeking to safeguard his ailing Treasury and also to impose his authority on the county of Northumberland, which was ruled as almost a private fief by the Percys, King Henry demanded the handover of the hostages offering only token payment in return. Northumberland, infuriated, declared his support for Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, who had been more directly in line than Henry at the usurpation.
Northumberland marched against Henry but in the 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury he was defeated and his son Henry Hotspur killed. Retreating to Scotland, Northumberland emerged again in 1405 to a further defeat, before attempting one last time to seize the throne in 1408 gathering together an army of Lowland Scots and loyal Northumbrians and marching south toward York.
At Bramham Moor, south of Wetherby, Northumberland‘s army was met by a force of local Yorkshire levies and noble retinues which had been hastily assembled, led by the High Sheriff of Yorkshire Sir Thomas Rokeby. The exact sizes and compositions of the contending armies are not known, but the armies were far smaller than the thousands who had gathered at Shrewsbury, the rebels failing to gain widespread support or receive aid from other rebellious factions, such as Wales, where Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion was collapsing.
The course of the battle itself is not well documented either. The action seemingly followed the course of many medieval battles where armies and generals were evenly matched: a violent melee in the centre of the field, with little tactical direction. Northumberland is said to have positioned his men carefully and awaited Rokeby's arrival at 2:00 pm, when battle was instantly joined. It is likely that, as with other battles of the era between primarily English and Scottish forces, the outcome was largely decided by English use of the longbow to thin the enemy ranks before charging with their main body.
The ground they fought on
The site of Battle of Bramham Moor lies on Zechstein Group, bedrock that formed in the Late Permian. The rock here is dolomitised limestone and dolomite.
- Kingdom of England: Unknown, light
- House of Percy: Almost total
Frequently Asked Questions
Everything a full report reveals about Battle of Bramham Moor
This page covers Battle of Bramham Moor. A full Aubrey report for the area pulls together this battle alongside scheduled monuments and everything else the record holds within a few miles:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
Scheduled Monuments near Battle of Bramham Moor
Battles near Battle of Bramham Moor
Explore the landscape around this battlefield
Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in the UK — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.
- Battle of Bramham Moor · Wikidata
- Battle_of_Bramham_Moor · Wikipedia
- Battle of Bramham Moor · Battlefields Trust