General Mackay marched north with a government army of approximately 4,000 men in July 1689 with the dual objectives of relieving Blair Castle from its Jacobite garrison and defeating Dundee's Highland army. His march up the Tummel and Garry valleys was screened by his cavalry but Jacobite scouts watched every move. Mackay knew a battle was inevitable — he had a well-equipped regular army but he respected the Highland charge. He attempted to reconnoitre the Pass of Killiecrankie before forcing it but was denied adequate intelligence by Dundee's screening parties. He marched his army into the pass without knowing Dundee was waiting with the full Highland clan army on the heights above.
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