BattlefieldsYork Massacre — Clifford Tower (1190 AD)
Medieval

York Massacre — Clifford Tower (1190 AD)

1190
York (City of York), England
Also known as: York Pogrom 1190 · Jewish massacre at York
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Siege
Location
York (City of York), England
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
York Jewish community
Forces
York Jewish community: c. 150–300 (mostly civilians).
VS
Victor
Crusading mob
Forces
Crusading mob: c. 500–1500
Outcome
c.150 Jews killed or self-immolated; a medieval pogrom
The Battle

History & Significance

The Jewish community of York, facing murderous attacks by crusading knights and debtors who wished to destroy evidence of loans, took refuge in the royal castle (Clifford Tower). Besieged by the mob, they chose mass suicide rather than fall into the attackers' hands. Those who surrendered were killed. The massacre was one of the worst episodes of medieval English antisemitism and its memory has shaped York's civic identity.

Casualties & Losses

c.150 Jews killed or died by suicide

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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