When the Jacobite army retreated northward from Derby in December 1745, Prince Charles left the Manchester Regiment (c.400 men under Francis Townley) to garrison Carlisle. Cumberland besieged the city on his return march north. After a brief resistance, the garrison surrendered on 30 December 1745. The Manchester Regiment — almost the only English unit to have fought for the Jacobite cause — was taken prisoner. Townley and several officers were executed for treason, hanged and beheaded at Kennington Common in July 1746. Their fate served as a brutal deterrent to English Jacobitism.
Manchester Regiment captured; Townley and officers executed
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