BattlefieldsClifford's Tower Massacre — York Jewish Community 1190
Medieval

Clifford's Tower Massacre — York Jewish Community 1190

1190
North Yorkshire, England
Also known as: York massacre 1190 · Clifford's Tower 1190
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Skirmish
Location
North Yorkshire, England
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
York Jewish community
Forces
York Jewish community: c. 150–300 (mostly civilians).
VS
Victor
Mob
Forces
Crusading mob: c. 500–1500
Outcome
York Jewish community massacred; 150 killed including families; rioters attacked Christians who held bonds
The Battle

History & Significance

On the night of 16-17 March 1190, the Jewish community of York — one of the most prosperous in England — took refuge in the royal castle after mob violence threatened them. When they realised they would be killed, many chose to die by their own hands rather than face forced baptism or murder. The survivors who surrendered were killed anyway. The massacre was the worst anti-Jewish violence in English medieval history and was at least partly motivated by the desire of indebted nobles to destroy records of loans. It is commemorated at Clifford's Tower today.

Casualties & Losses

c.150 members of the York Jewish community killed

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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