Following Bannockburn, the raids of 1312 inaugurated the systematic devastation of County Durham. Darlington, as the principal market town of the Durham Palatinate, was an early target. The burning demonstrated that the border had effectively moved south to the Tees. The Durham Palatinate — theoretically under the Prince-Bishop's military protection — proved incapable of resisting. Communities began paying blackmail (protection money) directly to Scottish war leaders.
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