During the Jacobite march south through Cumberland in November 1745, local militia assembled near Penrith to resist. They were scattered by the advance guard of the Highland army without significant fighting. The Jacobites passed through Penrith and pressed on over Shap Fell — one of the highest and most exposed stretches of the main road south. The ease with which the militia dispersed demonstrated the inability of English localities to mount effective resistance to a disciplined Highland army in 1745.
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