Henry II, the young and vigorous new Angevin king, pressured the young Malcolm IV into surrendering the northern English territories his grandfather David I had seized during the Anarchy. Malcolm was only fifteen and could not resist Henry's combination of military threat and diplomatic pressure. Carlisle, Newcastle and the northern earldoms returned to England -- reversing David I's greatest territorial gains. In return Malcolm received his grandfather's English earldom of Huntingdon.
Henry II: diplomatic pressure. Malcolm IV: c. 1,000–2,000 forces.
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