During his second siege of Alnwick in 1174, William the Lion rode forward with only a small mounted escort through thick morning fog to reconnoitre the castle. A party of English knights from inside the castle surprised him. He was knocked from his horse and captured when his leg became trapped. The Treaty of Falaise that followed forced William to do homage to Henry II for Scotland itself, not just his English lands -- the greatest humiliation suffered by any Scottish king. He was not freed from this obligation until 1189 when Richard I cancelled it in exchange for 10,000 marks to fund the Third Crusade.
William the Lion captured
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