In 1160, following his return from the siege of Toulouse in France, Malcolm IV of Scotland faced serious internal unrest. At Perth, according to Roger of Hoveden, he was confronted by a rebellion of six earls led by Ferchar, Mormaer of Strathearn, who besieged the king. Having settled this dispute amongst his leading magnates, Malcolm then launched three separate military campaigns into Galloway, directed against Fergus, Lord of Galloway. The precise reasons for the Scottish invasion are not recorded in the sources, though it is possible that Fergus had precipitated events by raiding or preying upon Scottish territories.
The outcome of the three campaigns was decisive. Fergus was driven from power entirely and forced to retire to the abbey of Holyrood. He died the following year, on 12 May 1161. In the aftermath of the Scottish campaigns, Malcolm came to terms with Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll, which may indicate that Somairle had either been allied with Fergus against the Scots or had played some part in Fergus's downfall. The Lordship of Galloway was subsequently partitioned between Fergus's two sons, Gille Brigte and Uhtred, and Scottish influence penetrated further into the region.
Roger of Hoveden records that Malcolm IV, freshly returned from the siege of Toulouse where he had at last been knighted, faced revolt at Perth and then conducted three military campaigns into Galloway in 1160, ultimately forcing Fergus, Lord of Galloway, to abandon his lordship and retire to the abbey of Holyrood, where he died the following year.
Not recorded in the sources.
Malcolm IV of Scotland commanded three separate military expeditions into Galloway. No further detail on numbers or composition is given in the sources.
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